As the first country to experience the full force of the global debt crisis, Iceland opted to default and not enslave its taxpayers in perpetuity to bail out the banks. (You can read more about Iceland’s path to financial destruction in Michael’s Lewis’ Vanity Fair series from 2009 here.
The choice to knock off zeros on their debts has not been pain-free fix for Icelanders, their Icelandic krona plunged spiking the prices for items they import and Icelanders saw an 18% drop in their disposable income in 2009. Mind you, if other nations had chosen to admit the truth and let their bad banks go at the same time in 2009, many currencies would have taken a more simultaneous hit which would have made for less of a relative decline in any one currency. In this case Iceland was the first to admit truth, scratch off and start fresh. They are also further along in recovery now as a result.
Iceland’s pain was mostly front loaded, and their growth in 2012 (est. 3%) is looking brighter than most countries in the debt-plagued developed world. Not spending tax dollars on bail outs, they have been able to double down on investment in things that will strengthen them long-term like education and green technology. They are an example of how it is possible for a country to let the banks take their deserved losses, and still overcome deep economic dislocation without undoing the social fabric. Joseph Stiglitz discusses lessons learned in this video link.
No path out of the debt crisis is pain-free. We have to decide whether to cut out the cancer now or let it continue to sicken and impede our progress for years to come. Countries can choose to let the banks take their losses and reestablish capitalism as the model, or they can keep choosing to support banks and socialize losses that encumber us worker bees for decades. The choice is up to each country to make, and in a democracy, the workers are supposed to have the power to decide.
For a good summary on this see: Here’s what Europe can learn from Iceland.